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KMID : 0917519990050020077
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Journal of Speech Sciences
1999 Volume.5 No. 2 p.77 ~ p.91
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The Acoustic Characteristics of Focus Associated with the Korean Particle ´-man´
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Abstract
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The purpose of this paper is to investigate the phonetic characteristics of ´focus´ phrases accociated with the particle ´-man´ in Korean. The particle ´-man´ is a bound morpheme which, like other postpositions such as the subject marker´-ka´ and the object marker ´1??1´, the so-called ´case markers´ in Korean, typically attaches to a nuun (phrase). The semantics of ´-man´ roughly corresponds to that of only, its counterpart in English, and is thus classified as a ´delimiter´ (Yang 1973). It is assumed in this paper that ´-man-, like only in English, shoud have a ´focus´ associated with it (von Stechow 1991, Rooth 1992). In general, ´-man´ attached pharases get the focus, but sometimes the association is not clean-cut, especially in the cases of emphatic use of ´-man´ or when the context strongly favors other phrase as the focus (Choe 1996). In this paper, we compare the phonetic characteristics of the ´-man´ marked phrases with those to which ´-ka´/´-1??1´ is attached, and conclude that the focused ´-man´ phrases show higher fundamental frequencies than their equally focused ´case´-~marked counterparts. However, when the context clearly forces the focus to fall on phrases other than the ´-man´ or ´-ka´/´-1??1´ attached ones, there is no meanlingful difference in fundamental frequency between the ´-man´ and ´-ka´/´-1??1´ attached phrases. We also compare the phonetic characteristics of the regular use of ´-man´ with those of the emphatic ´-man´. According to our experiments, the emphatic ´-man´ does not bring forth its phonetic effects, namely, higher fundamental frequencies, on the ´-man´ attached words or phrases but rather in various other ways such as higher fundamental frequencies in ´-man´, lengthening of the following word-initial syllable, or the inclusion of the following word in the same accentual phrase. Finally, it is claimed that ´-man´ associated focus phenomena, especially the emphatic use of ´-man´, show some typical acoustic characteristics of the other well-known focus phenomena, namely, wh-interrogatives.
Key words:korean particle ´-man´, foucs, Fo, accentual phrase
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